IND

STICH, PATRICIA

DemocraticDerived from contributionsZIP cluster 606572023–2024Exact name + ZIP5

Reported identity cluster · not a verified person-level entity.

Contribution summary

Latest amendment per committee transaction ID · memo rows excluded from net

Reported transaction total$3.6K

Number of transactions13

Recipient committees5

Transaction date rangeMay 23, 2023through Oct 17, 2024

Reported identity evidence

Raw context retained from FEC Schedule A rows

Reported names linked: STICH, PATRICIA
Reported ZIPs seen: 60657
Locations seen: CHICAGO IL
Occupation and employer: RETIRED NOT EMPLOYEDCategory: Unemployed
What is linked: Exact filed name + first five ZIP digits within this cycle

Category: Unemployed

Reported employment categories, not company industries.

Reported occupation interpretations

Employment status, occupation family, and title describe historical reported occupation text, not current employment. Different values can come from different receipts or linked names. Employer industries remain separate.

Reported occupation: RETIRED
Employment status: Retired
Occupation family: Unknown
Seniority / title: Unknown
Interpreted label: Retired

GovMoneyGraph occupation model v1 · Accepted interpretations only. These labels do not establish income, wealth, or a compliance finding.

Loading reported occupation interpretations…

How these records are matched

A conservative grouping of federal contribution rows with this exact filed name and five-digit ZIP. ZIP+4 extensions are retained as evidence but ignored for matching. This is a reported identity cluster, not yet a verified person-level entity.

Contributions by recipient party and committee type

Recipient party from FEC registration, linked candidates, or affirmative support activity

Recipient party affiliation

Contributions grouped by each recipient’s reported party or inferred alignment

Democratic destinationsDerived from contributions$3,550100% of displayed positive totals13 transactions · 5 recipient committees

Recipient committee type

Type of political committee receiving the contribution

Candidate campaign$2,75010 transactions · 3 recipient committees

PAC$1001 transactions · 1 recipient committees

Super PAC$7002 transactions · 1 recipient committees

Party totals describe recipients, not the contributor’s party registration or beliefs. FEC-reported and linked-candidate parties take precedence over inferred activity. Opposition to a candidate does not count as support for another party. Open a recipient to inspect its classification evidence and separate support and opposition disclosures.

Money network

Contributor-to-committee connections sized by absolute reported transaction total

Connected entity party

Connections per side

Showing 0 of 0 loaded matching connections on the left and 5 of 5 on the right, up to 10 per side by absolute amount. This is not the full transaction history. Party filters include mixed-party contributions or activity. Full connection amounts are shown, not just the selected party’s share. Party labels use reported party information or inferred contributions/activity—not an individual’s party registration.

Democratic Republican Mixed-party contributions Other / independent Not classifiedLine width = absolute amountShown totals: $0 in · $3.6K out

Contributions by recipient committee

5 recipient committees · largest reported totals first · expand an arrow for transactions

Reported totals sum current non-memo transactions, including reported refund entries, and can include both a conduit’s and a recipient’s report of the same contribution. These are not verified net contributions after refunds. Expand a recipient to inspect transaction types, reporting sides and source records.

Full contribution ledger · 10 rows per pageAll contributions

Reported total$3,55013 reported transactions

C00606939 · Candidate campaignROSEN FOR NEVADADemocraticFEC reportedFEC registration · 2024 cycleRegistered location: LAS VEGASNV

Principal candidate campaign
ROSEN, JACKYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Nevada · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S8NV00156 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle

Reported total$2,0008 reported transactions

C00473918 · Super PACWOMEN VOTEDemocraticCurated classificationFEC registration · 2024 cycleRegistered location: WASHINGTONDCConnected organization: EMILY'S LIST

No candidate connection found in the registration links or sender-reported committee transfers checked for this cycle. Conduit routing and independent spending are not included in this check.

Reported total$7002 reported transactions

C00834218 · Candidate campaignELISSA SLOTKIN FOR MICHIGANDemocraticFEC reportedFEC registration · 2024 cycleRegistered location: EAST LANSINGMIConnected organization: SLOTKIN VICTORY FUND 2024

Principal candidate campaign
SLOTKIN, ELISSADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Michigan · Statewide
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S4MI00470 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle

Reported total$5001 reported transactions

C00655613 · Candidate campaignSUSIE LEE FOR CONGRESSDemocraticFEC reportedFEC registration · 2024 cycleRegistered location: LAS VEGASNVConnected organization: SUSIE LEE VICTORY FUND 2024

Principal candidate campaign
LEE, SUSIEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Nevada · District 3
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6NV04020 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle

Reported total$2501 reported transactions

C00193433 · PACEMILYS LISTDemocraticCurated classificationFEC registration · 2024 cycleRegistered location: WASHINGTONDCConnected organization: WOMEN VOTE

Candidate campaign receiving transfers
ALSOBROOKS, ANGELADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Maryland · Statewide
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ALSOBROOKS FOR SENATE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S4MD00327 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
ALTMAN, SUSAN COPIUSDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · New Jersey · District 7
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ALTMAN FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4NJ07107 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
ANSARI, YASSAMINDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Arizona · District 3
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: YASSAMIN ANSARI FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4AZ03109 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
BAEZ-GELLER, LUCIADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Florida · District 27
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: LUCIA BAEZ-GELLER FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4FL27010 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
BALDWIN, TAMMYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Wisconsin · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: TAMMY BALDWIN FOR SENATE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S2WI00219 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle

Show 52 more candidate connections (57 total)

Candidate campaign receiving transfers
BOHANNAN, CHRISTINADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Iowa · District 1
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: CHRISTINA BOHANNAN FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2IA02111 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
BUDZINSKI, NIKKIDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Illinois · District 13
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: NIKKI FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2IL13153 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
BYNUM, JANELLEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Oregon · District 5
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: JANELLE BYNUM FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4OR05304 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CARAVEO, YADIRADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Colorado · District 8
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: CARAVEO FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2CO08020 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
COOKE, REBECCADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Wisconsin · District 3
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: COOKE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2WI03130 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
COOKE, REBECCADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Wisconsin · District 3
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: COOKE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4WI03169 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
COTTER SMASAL, MISSYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Virginia · District 2
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MISSY FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4VA02060 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CRAIG, ANGELA DAWNDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Minnesota · District 2
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ANGIE CRAIG FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6MN02131 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DAMIKOLAS, ALLYSONDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 40
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ALLYSON FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4CA40106 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DAVIDS, SHARICEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Kansas · District 3
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: SHARICE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8KS03155 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DELANEY, APRIL MCCLAINDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Maryland · District 6
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: APRIL MCCLAIN DELANEY FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4MD06340 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DEXTER, MAXINEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Oregon · District 3
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MAXINE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4OR03192 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
EHASZ, ASHLEYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Pennsylvania · District 1
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: EHASZ FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2PA01099 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
ELFRETH, SARAH KELLYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Maryland · District 3
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ELFRETH FOR MARYLAND
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4MD03156 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
ENGEL, KIRSTENDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Arizona · District 6
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ENGEL FOR ARIZONA
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2AZ02311 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
FOX, WHITNEYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Florida · District 13
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: WHITNEY FOX FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4FL13200 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
GILLEN, LAURADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · New York · District 4
Election 2022 · Challenger · Prior-cycle candidate
Receiving campaign: GILLEN FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2NY04244 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
GILLIBRAND, KIRSTENDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · New York · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: GILLIBRAND FOR SENATE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S0NY00410 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
GLUESENKAMP PEREZ, MARIEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Washington · District 3
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MARIE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2WA03217 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
GOODLANDER, MAGGIEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · New Hampshire · District 2
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MAGGIE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4NH02399 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
HAYES, JAHANADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Connecticut · District 5
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: FRIENDS OF JAHANA HAYES
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8CT05245 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
HIRONO, MAZIE K.DemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Hawaii · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: FRIENDS OF MAZIE HIRONO
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S2HI00106 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
HOYLE, VALERIEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Oregon · District 4
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: VAL HOYLE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2OR04095 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
JOHNSON, GLORIADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Tennessee · Statewide
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: GLORIA FOR TENNESSEE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S4TN00526 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
KLOBUCHAR, AMYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Minnesota · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: KLOBUCHAR FOR MINNESOTA
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S6MN00267 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
LEE, SUSIEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Nevada · District 3
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: SUSIE LEE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6NV04020 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
LYERLY, KRISTINDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Wisconsin · District 8
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: KRISTIN LYERLY FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4WI08101 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MCBRIDE, SARAH ELIZABETHDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Delaware · At-large
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MCBRIDE FOR DELAWARE INC.
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4DE00045 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MCCLELLAN, JENNIFERDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Virginia · District 4
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MCCLELLAN FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4VA04066 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MCDONALD RIVET, KRISTENDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Michigan · District 8
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: KRISTEN FOR MICHIGAN
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4MI08218 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MORSE, JESSICADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 3
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: JESSICA MORSE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8CA04210 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MUCARSEL-POWELL, DEBBIEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Florida · Statewide
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: DEBBIE FOR FLORIDA
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S4FL00611 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
PELTOLA, MARYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Alaska · At-large
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MARY PELTOLA FOR ALASKA
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2AK01158 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
PETTERSEN, BRITTANY LOUISEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Colorado · District 7
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: BRITTANY PETTERSEN FOR COLORADO
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8CO07045 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
RANDALL, EMILYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Washington · District 6
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: EMILY RANDALL FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4WA06117 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
ROSEN, JACKYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Nevada · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ROSEN FOR NEVADA
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S8NV00156 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SALINAS, ANDREADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Oregon · District 6
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ANDREA SALINAS FOR OREGON
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2OR06066 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SCHOLTEN, HILLARYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Michigan · District 3
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: SCHOLTEN FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H0MI03316 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SCHRIER, KIM DR.DemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Washington · District 8
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: DR KIM SCHRIER FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8WA08189 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SLOTKIN, ELISSADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Michigan · District 7
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ELISSA SLOTKIN FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8MI08102 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SLOTKIN, ELISSADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Michigan · Statewide
Election 2024 · Open seat · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ELISSA SLOTKIN FOR MICHIGAN
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S4MI00470 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SPANBERGER, ABIGAILDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Virginia · District 7
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: SPANBERGER FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8VA07094 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
STELSON, JANELLEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Pennsylvania · District 10
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: FRIENDS OF JANELLE STELSON
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4PA10104 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SWARTZ, JESSICADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Michigan · District 4
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: JESSICA FOR MICHIGAN
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4MI04159 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SYKES, EMILIADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Ohio · District 13
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: EMILIA SYKES FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2OH13264 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
TITUS, DINADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Nevada · District 1
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: TITUS FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8NV03036 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
TRANEL, MONICADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Montana · District 1
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MONICA TRANEL FOR MONTANA
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2MT02092 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
TRANEL, MONICADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Montana · District 1
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MONICA TRANEL FOR MONTANA
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2MT02092 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
UNDERWOOD, LAURENDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Illinois · District 14
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: LAUREN UNDERWOOD FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8IL14174 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
VALLEJO, MICHELLEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Texas · District 15
Election 2024 · Challenger · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MICHELLE VALLEJO FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2TX15203 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
WARREN, ELIZABETHDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Massachusetts · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: WARREN FOR SENATE, INC.
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S2MA00170 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
WILD, SUSANDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Pennsylvania · District 7
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: SUSAN WILD FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8PA15229 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle

These campaigns received reported contributions or transfers from this committee during the selected cycle. This is not a complete participant list or an allocation of any individual donor's gift; other recipients may include parties and PACs.

Reported total$1001 reported transactions

Source & identity status

Trace every claim back to the public record

Source agencyFederal Election Commission

Grouping keyExact name + ZIP

Cycle2023–2024

Search official FEC records

The FEC publishes names and addresses as reported, but does not assign a persistent ID to each individual contributor. GovMoneyGraph links variants here only when employer and location or occupation evidence corroborates compatible names; conflicting middle initials remain separate. These heuristic clusters stay reviewable until promoted into the persistent entity graph through the labeled gold-set process.