IND

JASA, PAUL

52% Democratic / 47% Republican · 1% unclassifiedDerived from contributionsZIP cluster 101582023–2024Exact name + ZIP5

Reported identity cluster · not a verified person-level entity.

Contribution summary

Latest amendment per committee transaction ID · memo rows excluded from net

Reported transaction total$560

Number of transactions28

Recipient committees1

Transaction date rangeJun 15, 2023through Dec 31, 2024

Reported identity evidence

Raw context retained from FEC Schedule A rows

Reported names linked: JASA, PAUL
Reported ZIPs seen: 10158
Locations seen: NEW YORK NY
Occupation and employer: INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGER TELEVISAUNIVISION, INC.
What is linked: Exact filed name + first five ZIP digits within this cycle

Industry: Not yet classified

Industry not yet classified for TELEVISAUNIVISION, INC..

Reported occupation interpretations

Employment status, occupation family, and title describe historical reported occupation text, not current employment. Different values can come from different receipts or linked names. Employer industries remain separate.

Reported occupation: INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGER
Employment status: Employed
Occupation family: Software / technology
Seniority / title: Manager
Interpreted label: Software / technology · Manager

GovMoneyGraph occupation model v1 · Accepted interpretations only. These labels do not establish income, wealth, or a compliance finding.

Loading reported occupation interpretations…

How these records are matched

A conservative grouping of federal contribution rows with this exact filed name and five-digit ZIP. ZIP+4 extensions are retained as evidence but ignored for matching. This is a reported identity cluster, not yet a verified person-level entity.

Contributions by recipient party and committee type

Recipient party from FEC registration, linked candidates, or affirmative support activity

Recipient party affiliation

Contributions grouped by each recipient’s reported party or inferred alignment

Mixed-party destinationsDerived from contributions$560100% of displayed positive totals28 transactions · 1 recipient committees

Recipient committee type

Type of political committee receiving the contribution

PAC$56028 transactions · 1 recipient committees

Party totals describe recipients, not the contributor’s party registration or beliefs. FEC-reported and linked-candidate parties take precedence over inferred activity. Opposition to a candidate does not count as support for another party. Open a recipient to inspect its classification evidence and separate support and opposition disclosures.

Money network

Contributor-to-committee connections sized by absolute reported transaction total

Connected entity party

Connections per side

Showing 0 of 0 loaded matching connections on the left and 1 of 1 on the right, up to 10 per side by absolute amount. This is not the full transaction history. Party filters include mixed-party contributions or activity. Full connection amounts are shown, not just the selected party’s share. Party labels use reported party information or inferred contributions/activity—not an individual’s party registration.

Democratic Republican Mixed-party contributions Other / independent Not classifiedLine width = absolute amountShown totals: $0 in · $560 out

Contributions by recipient committee

1 recipient committees · largest reported totals first · expand an arrow for transactions

Reported totals sum current non-memo transactions, including reported refund entries, and can include both a conduit’s and a recipient’s report of the same contribution. These are not verified net contributions after refunds. Expand a recipient to inspect transaction types, reporting sides and source records.

Full contribution ledger · 10 rows per pageAll contributions

Reported total$56028 reported transactions

C00435735 · PACTELEVISAUNIVISION, INC. EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEEMixed activity · 52% Democratic / 47% Republican · 1% unclassifiedInferred from activityFEC registration · 2024 cycleRegistered location: LOS ANGELESCAConnected organization: TELEVISAUNIVISION, INC.

Candidate campaign receiving transfers
ADERHOLT, ROBERT B. REP.RepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Alabama · District 4
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ROBERT ADERHOLT FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6AL04098 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
AGUILAR, PETEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 33
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: PETE AGUILAR FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2CA31125 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
BALDWIN, TAMMYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Wisconsin · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: TAMMY BALDWIN FOR SENATE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S2WI00219 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
BARRAGAN, NANETTEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 44
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: BARRAGAN FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6CA44103 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
BLACKBURN, MARSHA MRS.RepublicanFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Tennessee · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MARSHA FOR SENATE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S8TN00337 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle

Show 57 more candidate connections (62 total)

Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CARDENAS, TONYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 29
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: TONY CARDENAS FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2CA28113 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CASTOR, KATHYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Florida · District 14
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: CASTOR FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6FL11126 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CASTRO, JOAQUINDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Texas · District 20
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: CASTRO FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2TX35011 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CHAVEZ-DEREMER, LORIRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Oregon · District 5
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: LORI CHAVEZ-DEREMER FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2OR05209 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CISCOMANI, JUANRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Arizona · District 6
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: CISCOMANI FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2AZ02360 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CLARK, KATHERINEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Massachusetts · District 5
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: KATHERINE CLARK FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4MA05084 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CLARKE, YVETTE DDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · New York · District 9
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: CLARKE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4NY11138 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CORNYN, JOHN SENRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Texas · Statewide
Election 2026 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: TEXANS FOR SENATOR JOHN CORNYN INC.
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S2TX00106 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CORREA, LOUDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 46
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: LOU CORREA FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6CA46116 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CRAIG, ANGELA DAWNDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Minnesota · District 2
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ANGIE CRAIG FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6MN02131 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
CUELLAR, HENRY R.DemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Texas · District 28
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: TEXANS FOR HENRY CUELLAR CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2TX23082 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DAINES, STEVERepublicanFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Montana · Statewide
Election 2026 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: STEVE DAINES FOR MONTANA
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S2MT00096 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DE LA CRUZ, MONICARepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Texas · District 15
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MONICA FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H0TX15124 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DEGETTE, DIANA LDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Colorado · District 1
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: DIANA DEGETTE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6CO01141 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DESPOSITO, ANTHONY PRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · New York · District 4
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: DESPOSITO FOR NEW YORK
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2NY04277 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DIAZ-BALART, MARIORepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Florida · District 26
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MARIO DIAZ-BALART FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2FL25018 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DUARTE, JOHNRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 13
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: JOHN DUARTE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2CA13131 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DUCKWORTH, L. TAMMYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Illinois · Statewide
Election 2028 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: TAMMY FOR ILLINOIS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S6IL00292 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
DURBIN, RICHARD J.DemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Illinois · Statewide
Election 2026 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: FRIENDS OF DICK DURBIN COMMITTEE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S6IL00151 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
EMMER, THOMAS EARL JR.RepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Minnesota · District 6
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: EMMER FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4MN06087 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
ESCOBAR, VERONICADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Texas · District 16
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: VERONICA ESCOBAR FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8TX16109 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
ESPAILLAT, ADRIANODemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · New York · District 13
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ADRIANO ESPAILLAT FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2NY13096 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
FLETCHER, ELIZABETHDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Texas · District 7
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ELIZABETH PANNILL FLETCHER FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8TX07140 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
GARCIA, MICHAELRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 27
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MIKE GARCIA FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H0CA25105 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
GILLIBRAND, KIRSTENDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · New York · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: GILLIBRAND FOR SENATE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S0NY00410 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
GIMENEZ, CARLOSRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Florida · District 28
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: CARLOS GIMENEZ FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H0FL26036 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
GONZALES, ERNEST ANTHONY TONY IIRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Texas · District 23
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: TONY GONZALES FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H0TX35015 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
GUTHRIE, S. BRETT HON.RepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Kentucky · District 2
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: GUTHRIE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8KY02031 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
HEINRICH, MARTINDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · New Mexico · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MARTIN HEINRICH FOR SENATE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S2NM00088 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
HUDSON, RICHARD L. JR.RepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · North Carolina · District 9
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: HUDSON FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2NC08185 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
JEFFRIES, HAKEEMDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · New York · District 8
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: JEFFRIES FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2NY10092 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
KELLY, ROBINDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Illinois · District 2
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ROBIN KELLY FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2IL02172 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
LIEU, TEDDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 36
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: TED LIEU FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4CA33119 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
LOFGREN, ZOEDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 18
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: LOFGREN FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4CA16049 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MALLIOTAKIS, NICOLERepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · New York · District 11
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: NICOLE FOR NEW YORK
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H0NY11078 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MAST, BRIANRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Florida · District 21
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MAST FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6FL18097 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MATSUI, DORISDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 7
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MATSUI FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6CA05195 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MCMORRIS RODGERS, CATHYRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Washington · District 5
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: CATHY MCMORRIS RODGERS FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4WA05077 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MENENDEZ, ROBERT J.DemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · New Jersey · District 8
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MENENDEZ FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2NJ08232 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
MURRAY, PATTYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Washington · Statewide
Election 2028 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: PEOPLE FOR PATTY MURRAY
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S2WA00189 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
PADILLA, ALEXDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · California · Statewide
Election 2028 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ALEX PADILLA FOR SENATE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S2CA00955 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
PALLONE, FRANK JRDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · New Jersey · District 6
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: PALLONE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8NJ03073 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
PETERS, SCOTTDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 50
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: SCOTT PETERS FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2CA52089 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
ROSEN, JACKYDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Nevada · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ROSEN FOR NEVADA
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S8NV00156 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
RUBIO, MARCORepublicanFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Florida · Statewide
Election 2028 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MARCO RUBIO FOR SENATE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S0FL00338 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
RUIZ, RAUL DR.DemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 25
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: DR. RAUL RUIZ FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2CA36439 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SALAZAR, MARIA ELVIRARepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Florida · District 27
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: SALAZAR FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H8FL27185 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SANCHEZ, LINDADemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 38
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: STAND WITH SANCHEZ
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2CA39078 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SCALISE, STEVE MRRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · Louisiana · District 1
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: SCALISE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H0LA01087 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SCHUMER, CHARLES E.DemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · New York · Statewide
Election 2028 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: FRIENDS OF SCHUMER
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S8NY00082 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SCOTT, RICK SENRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Florida · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: RICK SCOTT FOR FLORIDA
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S8FL00273 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
SOTO, DARRENDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Florida · District 9
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: DARREN SOTO FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H6FL09179 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
STEFANIK, ELISE M.RepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · New York · District 21
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: ELISE FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H4NY21079 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
TESTER, R. JONDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. Senate · Montana · Statewide
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MONTANANS FOR TESTER
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: S6MT00162 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
VALADAO, DAVIDRepublicanFEC reported
U.S. House · California · District 22
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: VALADAO FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2CA20094 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
VASQUEZ, GABRIELDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · New Mexico · District 2
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: GABE VASQUEZ FOR CONGRESS
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2NM02191 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle
Candidate campaign receiving transfers
VEASEY, MARC ALLISONDemocraticFEC reported
U.S. House · Texas · District 33
Election 2024 · Incumbent · Current candidate
Receiving campaign: MARC VEASEY CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE
Candidate details & sources
FEC candidate ID: H2TX33073 · 2023–2024 reporting cycle

These campaigns received reported contributions or transfers from this committee during the selected cycle. This is not a complete participant list or an allocation of any individual donor's gift; other recipients may include parties and PACs.

Reported total$56028 reported transactions

Source & identity status

Trace every claim back to the public record

Source agencyFederal Election Commission

Grouping keyExact name + ZIP

Cycle2023–2024

Search official FEC records

The FEC publishes names and addresses as reported, but does not assign a persistent ID to each individual contributor. GovMoneyGraph links variants here only when employer and location or occupation evidence corroborates compatible names; conflicting middle initials remain separate. These heuristic clusters stay reviewable until promoted into the persistent entity graph through the labeled gold-set process.